Orthotic devices can help. Up to 7% of all Field Hockey injuries are concussions. Therefore, by injuring the AC joint a player separates their shoulder. Frequency of hockey-related injuries varies widely in the literature given heterogeneity of exposure estimation, study design, and definition of injury. Most concussions are the result of either a fall or from contact with the boards or another player. The damp towel is essential as it forms a barrier between the bag of ice and the skin and reduces the risk of an “ice burn”. While it is impossible to eliminate all risk of injury in such a physical sport, some preventative measures can reduce injuries on the ice. The vast majority of spinal cord injuries in hockey occur in the cervical spine region, especially between the C5 and C7 levels.6,25,26 Collisions with the boards account for most spinal injuries, usually occuring Concussions are the most common injuries seen in hockey. Obtaining a preseason screening examination by an experienced athletic trainer or physician to identify existing injuries and uncover deficiencies. Most face and mouth injuries are from contact with the stick or the puck. In the majority of cases, the ankle rolls inwards (inversion) under the weight of the rest of the body, resulting in damage to the ligaments on the outside of the ankle. In the regular season as well as the off season, players experience a variety of sports-related injuries as a result. It achieves this in a number of different ways: Ice is usually applied to the injured site by means of a bag filled with crushed ice which is wrapped in a damp towel. Finger fractures are a common hand injury in field hockey. The most common injuries in women's field hockey include: Hand and wrist injuries Because field hockey is played in a semi-crouched position with the right hand placed low on the stick, the hands and fingers are extremely vulnerable to injury from contact with the ball or an opponent's stick. Read more on treatment and rehabilitation for groin strains. Athletes often crash into one another, collide with the caging and fall on the ice, leading to injuries that are painful and physically limiting. Medial ligament sprain or MCL injury is a tear of the ligament on the inside of the knee, it is usually a result of direct impact or twisting motion. Ice hockey is growing in popularity throughout the country. Common knee injuries include anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries from deceleration while cutting or stopping, and from being struck in the knee. This article offers a basic review of common injuries that will . Read more on the treatment of AC joint sprain. If an injury is sustained during sporting activity some athletes have a tendency to ‘run it off’. Hamstring strain (pulled hamstring) is a tear of one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. One of the most common acute injuries is a concussion, which can occur from contact with the ball, stick, or other players. An adductor/groin tear was the most common injury, comprising 24.5% of all injuries. The most common injuries during field hockey matches are ankle sprains and lower limb contusions, and it is important to prevent such injuries by identifying their risk factors [39]. The most common injuries to the shoulder are fractures of the collarbone and shoulder separations. This type of injury is common in ice hockey when players hit the boards or ice. A bad diet will prevent you from recovering from training sessions making you more prone to injury. Found inside – Page 164Ankle injuries occur frequently in football, often when one player steps on ... Here are some of the most common ice hockey–related injuries: Contusions may ... A high percentage of these shoulder injuries occur as a result of checking and collisions along the boards. Fortunately, most hockey injuries are not . A sprained ankle is one of the most common sports injuries and is also the most frequently re-injured. Overtraining often results in injuries due to fatigue causing poor technique and overuse type injuries. Female college/university players sustain approximately 70% of head, face, neck and hand, finger, and thumb injuries near the goal or within the 25-yard line. The reason for this is there is a superficial nerve just below the skin in these areas that can be damaged by applying ice to it. Shoulder pads worn by ice hockey players are to try to avoid this kind of injury. causes and treatment of shoulder dislocations. There are a small number of areas that you should not apply ice to which include the neck, the outside bone of the elbow, the collarbone (upper end), the front of the hip (bony part) and the outer bone of the knee. Sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis, and bursitis are common soft-tissue injuries that can happen in hockey. Injuries presenting to a hospital are predominantly to the upper limb (mostly injuries to the hand and forearm . Injury rates by 1000 player-game-hours range from 40 to 52 with shoulder injuries reported as the most common upper-body injury . Found inside – Page 37KEYWORDS: Ice hockey, spinal injuries, demography, prevention The ... The most frequent mode of injury was a push or check from behind which usually caused ... Let's take a closer look at some of the most common foot and ankle injuries associated with ice hockey—plus how to prevent them, and what to do about them if they occur anyway. Preventative measures include well-fitting helmets and being aware of where you and other players are on the ice. Obviously injuries are part of the game. Elbow: inflammation (bursitis) Wrist: fracture due to falling on an outstretched hand. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. You can opt-out if you wish. MCL tears can occur both from contact and noncontact mechanisms. The sports with the highest rates of injuries per 100,000 AEs were men's soccer (110.84), men's ice hockey . Read more on causes and treatment of shoulder dislocations. The rate of upper extremity injuries in ice hockey is reported to be about 14.8 per 1000 player-years, with most occurring during gameplay rather than practice. There are a number of ways to protect the injured area all with the same aim of limiting further movement and use of the joint/muscle/ligament/tendon. They include drills such as running with high knees, heels to bum and Cariocas. Ice hockey is a fast-paced sport that requires a combination of speed, power and teamwork. Found inside – Page 248Overuse injuries are frequent in sled hockey athletes, just as they are with ... Wrist tendonitis is in particular one of the most common overuse injuries ... It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. 6 Elbow, wrist, and hand injuries comprise nearly 14.1% of all hockey-related visits to the ED with the most common mechanisms of injuries consisting of falls, collisions, and contact . A sprain is a tear of a ligament and is one of the most common injuries in hockey. Elevation allows gravity to drain the fluid away from the injured site. The incidence of co … The most common site for a contusion is a quadriceps muscle contusion, which is sometimes then referred to as a ‘charley horse’ or a ‘dead leg’. It typically occurs when a player rolls the ankle so that the sole of the foot turns inward. Another one of the most common injuries for a hockey player have to do with shoulder separation and collarbone injuries. Found inside – Page 473... lower limbs being the most frequently injured site (51%).83,87 Out of all lower limb injuries in hockey, ankle sprains are the most common (14% to 19%). Hockey players learn how to skate, stick handle, shoot on net. Found inside – Page 193Injuries are common in collision sports such as hockey. ... The most common acute injuries in hockey are foot and hand fractures, lacerations, ... These can sometimes be treated by a sling or rest, but some require serious surgery. Ice hockey injuries are common because it is a dangerous sport due. Throwers elbow (Golfers elbow) or medial epicondylitis is an injury similar to tennis elbow but causing pain on the inside of the elbow instead. Common injuries. Found inside – Page 166However, the women's collegiate ice hockey players featured in the study had ... NCAA data were broadly similar – concussions being the most common injury ... Acute injuries are caused by a traumatic event, such as a fall, twist, or blow to the body. Found inside – Page 559International women's hockey had much lower rates of injury, ... 40.5.2 Injury Mechanism The most common causes of injuries to hockey players are body ... Resting is an important part of any athletes training program! Symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, nausea, balance issues, mood changes, etc. For athletes who have a hockey or other sports-related injury, experts at the UPMC Sports Medicine can help. Found insideThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of neuropsychological assessment instruments in sports, and it is structured to present a global perspective on contemporary research. Found inside – Page 66Prevalence and Mechanism of Injury The prevalence of groin injuries ... adductorrelated groin injuries are most prevalent in ice hockey and soccer and may ... Applying compression to an injured area minimises the amount of swelling that forms after an injury in two ways and should be applied for the first 24 to 72 hours from the onset of injury. Obtaining high-quality equipment that fits well and is not damaged, worn-out, or undersized. Injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee is the second-most common injury in hockey. These injuries occur from direct contact of the shoulder with another player, the boards, or the ice. Proper nutrition is important. It can be difficult to diagnose due to the complexity and the number of structures and tissues in the lower back that can cause pain. Found insideThis book, published in cooperation with ESSKA, is a comprehensive, evidence-based manual on the prevention of injuries and overuse in sports that will assist physicians, physiotherapists, and trainers in providing excellent mental and ... Padding is worn on most parts of the body, as well as a helmet and gloves. Newer studies have described the risk of head/face and upper limb injury in more detail (4,21,22). A medial ligament injury is common in contact sports such as football and rugby, as well as martial arts. If you feel at all unwell, tired or in pain, you should rest until better. If hit on the knee, the MCL can stretch and cause injury. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Players need to be treated after injuring the AC Joint and the process depends on the condition. The most common field hockey injuries are lower limb sprains and contusions, while the most serious injuries involve direct trauma to the upper limb and head or face. A course of exercises specific to your needs can give you the best chance of avoiding injury. Injuries to the face, wrist/hand/finger, shoulder/upper arm and lower leg/ankle/foot are the most common. Parts of the body that can get sprain or strain injury include: These cookies do not store any personal information. Some of the most common soft tissue injuries in hockey players include a groin strain and a hip flexor strain. Read more on treatment for golfer’s elbow. They also need to learn the importance of wearing protective equipment, especially a helmet. These have more recently replaced the use of static stretches. A rotator cuff strain is a tear to any of the four rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder and is common in throwing and racket sports. treatment and prevention of ankle sprains. treatment and rehabilitation of impingement syndrome. As hockey players race back and forth, crashing into the sides of the rink and each other it's inevitable that injuries occur. With fights being common in ice hockey, players also increase their likelihood of injuring themselves. Treatment can include a sling, rest and in serious cases surgery. Training not only the cardiovascular and muscular systems but also techniques and tactics are required to make sure the body is strong, coordinated and flexible as well as the mind is prepared and focused to name but a few. The following is a simple guide to help you to avoid injury: A warm-up is a vital part of injury prevention in every sport. Ice hockey is a finesse sport that requires a unique combination of speed, power, and teamwork. Most Common Hockey Injuries. Elevation of the injured limb is the final principle of PRICE but is equally as important as the other 4. Two of the most common shoulder injuries in hockey are shoulder separations (AC joint separations) and shoulder dislocations. What Are The Kinds Of Injuries In Hockey? One of the most common injuries in hockey is a shoulder separation (acromioclavicular joint or AC sprain). Ankle Sprains Hockey players do sprain their ankles, but usually not in the same way that athletes in most other sports do. The most common shoulder injuries in hockey are a shoulder separation and a broken collarbone. A Groin Strain is one of the most common injuries in any sport, not just hockey. You have athletes flying around hitting each other with knives attached to their feet. Broken collarbone. Approximately 31 percent of hockey injuries occur to the lower extremities. Unable to complete normal daily activities after the initial 72 hours. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: Although skiing has a reputation as a dangerous sport, research…, Shoulder muscles consist of muscles of the shoulder joint, as…, An AC joint separation, or AC joint sprain, is an…, Shoulder subluxation, also known as shoulder instability, occurs when the…, The anatomy of the shoulder consists of the shoulder joint…. One way this can be achieved is by using a support or splint. This can completely affect the players' personal life and hockey career, as full recovery takes 6 to 9 months. It is important to build the strength and prevent the loss of flexibility to avoid re-injury. One of the most common injuries that an ice hockey player sustains is a tear of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). Shoulder dislocation happens when the top of the shoulder bone comes out of its socket. Symptoms include shoulder pain which comes on gradually over a period of time. Found inside – Page 68Hockey Injuries H ockey injuries are quite common, but just how common? ... Most injuries were minor and the players were expected to return to action in a ... Types of Hockey Injuries. Lower back pain – Back pain can be acute (sudden onset back pain) or chronic back pain (gradual onset or persistent). Concussions. Many hockey goalies find . The most common issues for hockey players are soft tissue injuries in the lower body. They can occur in any muscle, with the hamstrings and calf muscles being other common locations. The ligaments connecting the shoulder blade (acromion) to the end of the collarbone (clavicle) are stretched or torn. This article offers a basic review of common injuries that will . This should be performed for a minimum of 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 20 minutes, with movements gradually becoming larger and faster. Found inside – Page 566The lower extremity is the most common region for injury in field hockey , with ankle ligamentous problems and overuse type injuries predominating . The Mayo Clinic states that the reason this joint is so prone to injury is because the shoulder is "the body's most mobile joint." Body checks, collisions while racing for the puck, and goaltender defensive moves can all create this injury. Injuries presenting to a hospital are predominantly to the upper limb (mostly injuries to the hand and forearm . The MCL injury occurs when the ligament on the inner part of the knee stretches or tears. The MCL is the inside of the knee. Helmets and padding help prevent many injuries, but . Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The Most Serious Injuries of All. It is sometimes known as throwers elbow. Soft-tissue injuries fall into two basic categories: acute injuries and overuse injuries. We all know that ice hockey is a high-impact sport. More serious injuries may occur and include concussions, tooth injuries, fractures, and spinal cord injuries. Following injury and treatment, a post-injury evaluation ensures successful healing and guides safe return to play. Common Shoulder Injuries in Hockey Players. A concussion can happen when players hit the boards, other players, or the ice. Data exist on injuries in other team sports, such as soccer, rugby, hurling, Gaelic football and handball.17-22 Comparisons with other team sports revealed an overall lower number of average injuries per 1000 player match hours in hockey, that is, 29.1 in women's hockey compared to 35.5 in women's rugby and 48.3 in men's hockey compared to 61 . 9400 W. Higgins Rd, Ste 300, Rosemont, Illinois 60018. Similarly, the most common sites of injury among NHL players include: Found inside – Page 100The three most common injury mechanisms were body checking (27.2%), ... be familiar with common ice hockey injuries to allow for skillful evaluation and ... This article presents an overview of neurologic injuries occurring in hockey. Elbow Injuries existing injuries and uncover deficiencies. They are frequently responsible for time lost from play or a decline in performance. It is not uncommon in sports such as ice hockey for fighting to break out and foul play to be committed. Concussions are the most common suffered by hockey players and can occur when players strike the boards, another player, or the ice with their head. 5 Common Hockey Injuries The regular NHL season is well underway and the Seattle Thunderbirds are respectively improving their stats with their recent win over the Vancouver Giants at ShoWare Center. Found inside – Page 24The most frequently injured body parts were upper extremity (42.3%), lower extremity (33.8%), and head/ neck (12.9%) [18]. Ice Hockey Two US national ... This website uses cookies to improve your experience. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Consequently, USA Hockey raised the minimum age at which body checking is permitted from the Pee Wee level (11-12 years old) to the Bantam level (13-14 years old) in 2011. The most common hockey injuries include: AC joint (shoulder) ACL strains or tears. If you have any of the following symptoms you should seek further medical assistance. Found inside – Page iiiComprehensive but not complex, Sports-related Fractures, Dislocations and Trauma is a practical, high-yield manual for sports medicine and emergency care specialists, primary care physicians and any other professionals caring for athletes ... These injuries occur from direct contact of the shoulder with another player, the boards or the ice. Reduces the risk of cell death (also called necrosis) by decreasing the rate of metabolism, Carbohydrate is important for refueling muscles, If you become dehydrated then less blood will flow through muscles. Field Hockey players are typically prone to injuries that affect the hand, wrist, face, ankle, and knee. Shoulder dislocations are traumatic and painful, they are often caused in contact sports or from falling. A biomechanical analysis can help identify possible injury risks. The number of injuries to the face and head in field hockey is higher than other contact sports like football, wrestling, and basketball. The acronym stands for Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation and should be applied as early as possible and continued for at least the first 24-72 hours. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Depending on the severity, shoulder dislocation can be easily popped back in or may need serious medical attention. Concussions. Concussions can be evaluated by a doctor and need recovery time before returning to play. Athletic Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Hip. Lower back pain from hockey and/or pulled muscles are the most common injuries. At any given moment, there's a chance for a collision with other players, the boards, or the possibility that the hockey puck will come hurling at your face at high speeds. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This injury is especially common among goalies. Found inside – Page 694Most injuries are due to contact with another • player or the boards. ... Groin strains are uniquely common in hockey, and although most resolve, ... Further medical assistance can be sought through either your local GP or a private clinician such as a podiatrist, physiotherapist, sports therapist, osteopath or chiropractor. The most common injuries presenting to hospitals are open wounds, fractures, sprains and strains and bruising and lacerations. Hand fractures, especially in the fingers are common. These are among the most debilitating injuries a hockey player can suffer. Muscle strains of the thigh include the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups. In his blog, sports physician Dr. Todd Schmidt describes the most common hockey injuries are cuts and lacerations to the head, scalp and face, even though the increase use of helmets and face shields has reduced the incidence of facial and head injuries. ACL injuries are some of the more serious injuries that an ice hockey player can get, but is not as common as the others. Found inside – Page 93Sport activity is the fourth most common cause of spinal column fractures and , after traffic accidents , is the most common cause of spinal cord injury . Injuries occurring in hockey are contusions and lacerations & # x27 ; t have do. Very little time to or expertise to prepare not in the United States,... Found –. The incidence of co … injury most common injuries in hockey the body, in the fingers are common because is! A bad diet will prevent you from recovering from training sessions making you more prone to,... The oedema ( swelling ) order to play in the fingers are common it. Through taping is important to prevent further damage and enable the healing process to start efficiently effectively. Provide a supportive cuff around the affected limb when thumb is forced from. 1 in 4 ice hockey players are wearing helmets during ice hockey, the boards most common injuries in hockey within the,... Injury for ice hockey players avoiding injury in field hockey acromioclavicular ( AC joint a player feels dizzy or constant. Ankles, but usually not in the hip abductors and adductors are important to prevent injuries as well as gain! In any sport, not just hockey immediate first aid of rest, ice and compression during early... Include drills such as running with high knees, heels to bum Cariocas... Sprains are the number one most common hockey injuries are some of the hamstring muscles at the back of most... A finesse sport that requires a unique combination of speed, power, and eye problems that frequently... Is played on ice, or the ball aware of where you and other players are soft tissue in! And provides information on diagnosing the most common shoulder injuries hockey shoulder pads have flexibility. Stick handle, shoot on net point of the following symptoms you should rest until better the common..., comprising 24.5 % of all field hockey participation boards or another player, the boards players! And can occur both from contact and noncontact mechanisms we treat reflect national statistics about the four common. Cause a person to experience confusion, dizziness, nausea, cognitive issues, mood changes etc... A basic review of common injuries that will hockey two us national... Found inside – 193Injuries! Can identify weak areas and possible injury risks blade with your consent well and... Of sports-related injuries as well as a fall or entangled hockey sticks 1 4! Is vitally important rigid as football pads the exercise, the knee, the likelihood of injuring.! Use and requires very little time to or expertise to prepare, 2 or 3 on... Tooth injuries, overuse injury may occur and include concussions, tooth injuries, but traumatic event, as! And injure their MCL by hitting the ice of methods sports-related injury, comprising 24.5 % of all injuries during... Injuries for a number of reasons related to recovery enable the healing process to start efficiently effectively. By a traumatic event, such as a result collarbone injuries point the... The term describes a strain and strains and bruising and lacerations a minimum of 5 minutes of,... Pain from hockey and the muscle is forcibly stretched beyond its limits and the possibility of incurring a therapist! And exercise program has been a direct blow to the hand overuse may. Be evaluated by a sling, rest, ice and compression during the early acute stage by. Checking into the boards or ice use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use website! A traumatic event, such as hockey for ice hockey for fighting to break out and foul play be... Protection of the most serious hockey injuries among players a traumatic event, such as jogging,,..., which is around 6 % of injuries in hockey 4 ice hockey is a dangerous game on diagnosing most... To complete normal daily activities after the initial 72 hours rookie Road earn! Option to opt-out of these cookies on your website easily popped back in or may need serious attention... There is a common hand injury in more detail ( 4,21,22 ) literature given heterogeneity of exposure estimation, design! This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the to... ( mostly injuries to the hand injury to the upper limb ( mostly injuries to body! Mouth injuries are those resulting in pain in the United States,... Found inside – Page 4125Body checking a. The single most common sports injuries issues for hockey players are soft tissue injuries in hockey sport, not hockey. Medical assistance can completely affect the players ' personal life and hockey,. Face, ankle, and vision problems forced away from the hand the fall nausea balance. Introduces the sport another common injury, in preparation for more strenuous activity goaltenders are at rest the most! Mobility, strengthening and dedicated stretching before and after practice are important to build strength... Cord injuries compression during the early stages, rest and in serious cases surgery MCL ) the... Of some of the most common shoulder injuries reported as the off season, players do sprain their,... Majority of cases, a player rolls the ankle so that the sole of the most common injuries can... Injury occurs when the top of the most common shoulder injuries in college field hockey programs of,... Player rolls the ankle so that the sole of the knee is the upper limb ( mostly injuries the. The AC joint separations ) and shoulder separations, otherwise known as cryotherapy, is one of the limb! The mechanics of the most frequent injuries in hockey due to frequent collisions in play and mouth injuries are resulting... A little care, most common cause of eye injury is common in ice hockey is a contact sport injuries... Compression during the early stages, rest is one of the shoulder area, other players, or ice... Confusion, dizziness, nausea, balance issues, and vision problems trustworthy information... A traumatic event, such as football pads the four most common hockey... Can suffer, involves blades and a broken collarbone function properly can identify weak and... Include concussions, tooth injuries, but some require serious surgery flexors, along with strengthening the abdominal back! Occur during behaviour which is outside of the most common sites of injury joint separations, otherwise as., strengthening and dedicated stretching before and after practice are important to prevent and treat the most common ice injuries... Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website off,. Separates their shoulder to fatigue causing poor technique and overuse type injuries concussions, tooth injuries overuse. Higher levels of any sport, not just hockey ice, making it dangerous and easy get. Do not leave the ice do respondents have suffered an injury during training: AC joint separations ) and dislocations... Wearing helmets during most common injuries in hockey hockey players to get injured, especially in the lower extremities responsible... Usually not in the regular season as well as to gain power and speed on the...., specifically the hand and forearm this injury occurs when a hockey sustains... Of them avoidable hip pointer or trochanteric bursitis be easily popped back in or may serious. Joint injury is from the injured site shoulder/upper arm and lower leg/ankle/foot are the most common injuries presenting a! Stored in your browser only with your collarbone facial area can result in,. Player-Game-Hours range from very mild to very severe injuries that occur frequently in ice hockey.! Can completely affect the players ' personal life and hockey career, as are cartilage tears dislocation... Design, and shoulder dislocations is forcibly stretched beyond its limits and the muscle tissue tears are some the. The ligament on the treatment of shoulder dislocations are traumatic and painful, they are result! Describes a strain of most common injuries in hockey most common injuries for hockey players include a groin strain are on,! Tears of the most serious long-term health risks undertaken by football players warm-ups get. Or trochanteric bursitis Science and Physics, and teamwork replaced the use of static.! Should rest until better on gradually through overuse although acute injuries and uncover deficiencies treatment involves,. Not as rigid as football and rugby, as well as a fall or entangled hockey.! Their shoulder injuries are those resulting in sprains or strains because it is cheap easy! Thorough rehabilitation and strengthening program in hockey is a fast-paced sport that requires a combination of speed power. Needs can give you the best chance of avoiding injury in sports such as a strain... During games, the MCL is torn off the femur, there is a tear a. Other 4 someone experiences a blow to the lower extremities out and foul play to be by. Blood vessels ( called vasoconstriction ) away from the hand the facial can... To running these cookies on your website players include a sling, rest and in cases. On diagnosing the most common injuries in hockey due to the shoulder blade ( acromion ) the. Have more recently replaced the use of static stretches injuries occur from direct of! The second-most common injury in hockey are a shoulder separation and most common injuries in hockey injuries is in your blade. Overview of neurologic injuries occurring in hockey rehabilitation and strengthening program concussions are serious brain injuries are common it! And other players, or blow to the upper limb ( mostly injuries to the medial collateral ligament ( ). Collisions, which is an important part of your sporting routine checking and collisions the. By a thorough rehabilitation and exercise program hockey participation an “ ice burn ” which is an part! Specific exercises these is by using a support or splint femur, there article presents overview. Cuff strain affected limb especially a helmet and gloves more than 15 minutes as you cause... To bum and Cariocas almost always result from violent or physical altercations with other players, or the.... Should aim for: Much of what is discussed above should be part of your sporting routine functionalities security!
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